The 4 National Taps of Singapore

TAP 1:Water from local catchments.

There are 17 reservoirs .
The reservoirs are: Bedok Reservoir, Changi Creek Reservoir, Fort Canning Reservoir,Jalan Eunos Service Reservoir, Jurong Lake, Kallang Service Reservoir, Kranji Reservoir, Lower Peirce Reservoir, Lower Seletar Reservoir, MacRitchie Reservoir, Marina Reservoir, Murai Reservoir, Murnane Service Reservoir, Pandan Reservoir, Poyan Reservoir, Pulau Tekong Reservoir, Sarimbun Reservoir, South End Reservoir, Tengeh Reservoir, Serangoon Reservoir, Upper Peirce Reservoir, Upper Seletar Reservoir

-We cannot increase the area of the water catchments due to the lack of space in Singapore.

-Currently, Singapore uses two separate systems to collect rainwater and used water.

-Rainwater is collected through a comprehensive network of drains, canals, rivers and storm water collection ponds before it is channelled to Singapore's 17 reservoirs for storage. This makes Singapore one of the few countries in the world to harvest urban storm water on a large scale for its water supply.

TAP 2:Imported Water.

-The agreement with Malaysia for this imported water will expire in 2061.

-For now this imported water provides 30% of our water needs.

TAP 3:NEWater.

-Although this is a reused water, The water is safe for human consumption.

-NEWater is treated with advance membrane technology .

-Small percentage is mixed with reservoir water before being treated for the drinking water supply.

-It contains nothing but Sodium Hydroxide and Water.

-Sodium Hydroxide is used to reduce alkalinity of water.

-NEWater is globally consummated .The percentage of NEWater consummated is 20% to 30%.

TAP 4:Desalination

-The first plant was opened in September 2005.

-This method is very expensive to produce because of high consumption of energy.

-People are still looking into technology and for now this method is not very useful.

-The plant, located at Tuas, can produce 30 million imperial gallons (140,000 m3) of water each day. Worth S$200 million, it is one of the biggest in the world and meets 10 percent of the country's water needs. The plant also produces bottled water called the Desal H2O.

-This plant is one of the region’s largest seawater reverse-osmosis plants.